How to Draw a Structural Framing Plan
FRAMING PLANS prove the size, number, and location of the structural members (steel or forest) in the building framework. Separate framing plans may be drawn for the floors, the walls, and the roof.
The FLOOR FRAMING Programme must specify the sizes and spacing of joists, girders, and columns used to back up the floor. Detail drawings must be added, if necessary, to show the methods of anchoring joists and girders to the columns and foundation walls or footings. The floor framing plan is basically a programme view showing the layout of the girders and joists. Figure 10-nineteen shows the manner of presenting floor framing plans. The unbroken double-line symbol indicates joists. Joist symbols are drawn in the position they volition occupy in the completed edifice. Double framing around openings and beneath bathroom fixtures is shown where used. Bridging is also shown past a double-line symbol that runs perpendicularly to the joist. In the figure, the number of rows of cross bridging is controlled by the span of the joist; the rows should not be placed more than 7 or viii ft apart. Hence, a xiv-ft span may need merely one row of bridging, only a 16-ft span needs two rows.
Dimensions need not exist given between joists. Such data is given along with notes. For case, "2" past 8" joists @ 2' 0" O.C." indicates that the joists are to exist spaced at intervals of two ft 0 in. on centre (O.C.). Lengths may not be indicated in framing plans; the overall building dimensions and the dimensions for each bay or distances betwixt columns or posts provide such data. Notes as well identify floor openings, bridging, and girts or plates.
The WALL FRAMING PLANS evidence the location and method of framing openings and ceiling heights so that studs and posts can exist cutting.
The ROOF FRAMING PLANS prove the structure of the rafters used to span the building and back up the roof. The size, spacing, roof slope, and all of the details are also shown in the plan. The roof framing plan is drawn in the same way equally the floor framing plan; rafters are shown in the same manner as joists. Figure 10-20 is an case of a roof framing programme for a forest-frame roof.
In a precast or cast-in-place concrete floor and roof framing, a structural plan should indicate, with symbols, the location of bearing walls, beams, and columns, and the direction and size of steel reinforcing bars, the direction of the span, and the size and thickness of required structural members. Effigy ten-21 shows an example of a structural roof framing with schedules and general notes included. When preparing framing plans, follow the procedures outlined beneath.
1. For wood-frame construction, trace or transfer the dimensions of the location of the exterior stud wall, and lay out the limits of the roof overhang. Next, lay out the roof framing by locating the ridgeboard first and and so all of the required intersecting pieces.
2. When the floor framing plans are required, proceed to transfer dimensions of the foundation walls or footings. Lay out supporting girders and joists in their proper spacing. Notice whatsoever begetting wails, stairwells, and other openings when yous are developing a 2d-floor framing program.
iii. For concrete framing, take a similar approach. Lay out the dimensions of the bearing walls beneath the floor (or roof) being framed. Hence, you will need the foundation plan to draw the get-go-floor framing, and you volition need the first-flooring plan to draw the second-flooring framing. Adjacent, add the locations of the beams and columns and the direction of the span and size of the precast concrete or the reinforcing steel for the poured-in-place concrete.
Figure 10-xix.-Example of a structural floor framing programme for a forest-frame structure.
Figure 10-21.-Example of a structural roof framing program for a precast or a cast-in-place physical construction.
4. For steel framing, trace off or transfer the dimensions of all of the bearing walls, columns, and beams beneath the flooring (or roof) being framed. Lay out the steel framing, using the grid arrangement (a common setup used in steel framing).
v. Lay out guidelines for dimensions, notes, and labels. Darken in all of the framing and fill in the notes and dimensions. Draw in the department and detail marks. Get over your structural plans checklist and check the dimensions against those traced from the floor plan.
Source: http://www.tpub.com/engbas/10-14.htm
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